Should you give calcium to pregnant dogs? Abnormally low calcium levels in dogs can lead to muscle twitches, listlessness, weakness, and loss of appetite. Calcium supplements are one of the most efficient ways to add calcium to your dogs diet. It is recommended to give calcium carbonate with food; The dose most commonly used in dogs as an antacid is 0.5 grams and up to 5 grams total dose orally every 4 hours as needed. This can be purchased at any home improvement store, and is self-adhesive. How much calcium supplement should I give my dog? Calcium supplementation not only assists with milk production, but it alleviates many behavioral problems some people incorrectly label as bad mothering: excessive digging, aggression toward puppies, restlessness, rejection of puppies. Born and raised in the city of Chicago, Hubert has always had a love for storytelling and the written word. Pregnant dogs should be fed high-quality diets rich in essential vitamins and minerals. Before the first pup is born, the goal is to apply three to four doses in the mother. It is recommended to give the mother her first dose of calcium in early labor (when she starts nesting or her rectal temperature drops one degree). The condition develops during peak lactation simply because the production of milk drains too much calcium from the nursing mothers body. It is also fortified with zinc and iron. If you have a larger dog, a couple of spoonfuls might be more sufficient. These supplements can help your dog get a healthy litter and avoid unwanted pregnancies. You can also buy multivitamins for dogs that contain B vitamins and omega fish oils. To keep it simple small dog can have 1250mg of Tum's active ingredient in 24 hours - it's 2.5 standard strength pills. This blog will teach you how much calcium to give a dog for whelping. For basic homemade diets, it's usually sufficient to add a couple teaspoons of egg or bone powder to a meat-heavy meal. Should your dog exhibit any signs of eclampsia during whelping or nursing, it is imperative to immediately administer a fast-acting dose of calcium. Some of our bitches dont like the Calsorb and will gag from it. In any case, always consult with a veterinarian before administering anything to your pet. Best source of protein for dogs is meat, so focus on chicken, turkey, beef, lamb and fish (as long as shes not allergic to any of these ingredients). How do I stop my dog from being scared of strangers? The active ingredient in Tums is calcium carbonate which can help neutralize stomach acids and settle your dog's stomach.When giving your dog Tums it's important to start with a very small dose (1/4 to 1/2 of a tablet for a small dog or 1 tablet for a large dog . Humans eat yogurt because it is rich in calcium. For a 60 pound dog, this would be 300 to 900 mg every eight hours as a maintenance dose. The most common symptoms of low calcium in dogs are seizures, tremors, and abnormal spine curvature. Massaging of a pregnant dog's nipple can also release the oxytocin hormone which is effective to induce labor in the dog. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. More important, it will also discuss the importance of calcium and why its essential for whelping. They may also improve joint, muscle and heart health, and support the immune system. As you can see, calcium is an important part of whelping. You may want to wait until the first puppy is born before giving your dog Tums, though. As her offspring will require plenty of high-quality milk to fill their bellies, mom must have enough calcium to produce. While Tums can provide temporary relief for a dogs tummy pain, theyre not a good idea during pregnancy. If your dog is struggling profusely with active labor, calcium should be given.var cid='1939756689';var pid='ca-pub-5290066248410778';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-pawsinsider_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". How much calcium do I give my dog during labor? Administering calcium before delivery occurs can result in eclampsia and death. If you give calcium to your pregnant dog before labor begins, it will cause this gland to be lazy and allow dangerously low calcium levels in the mother. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hubert is a true dog lover, and his blog's name is a nod to his loyal and faithful companion, a rescue dog named Bella. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Typically, female dogs and queens continue to nest between deliveries and may nurse and groom neonates . Luckily, adding calcium to your dogs diet is very easy. Medium breeds (20-50 pounds): 2 grams to 4 grams per 24 hours. Giant breeds will need 2000 mg. Calcium should only be offered after labor has begun. Small breeds get 10cc, Large breeds 20cc and Giant breeds 30cc of the slurry for energy to help with whelping. Without increasing the amount of food offered at a meal, increase the number of meals throughout the day. Top best answers to the question How much calcium should i give my dog in labor Answered by Carlo Koch on Sat, Feb 27, 2021 1:25 PM. Pets with abnormally high calcium levels may show signs of weakness, listlessness, increased drinking and urination, and loss of appetite. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Eggshells contain high levels of calcium as well as other minerals such as zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium. The cord should fall off on its own in a few days. In fact, , If your dog ate ham and is reacting adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately. The mother becomes restless and pants at first, but soon looks anxious and breathes more heavily. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. If you give calcium to your pregnant dog before labor begins, it will cause this gland to be lazy and allow dangerously low calcium levels in the mother. Dogs: 5-20 [] The above described clinical manifestation combined with the history of recent whelping and predisposing factors, give a clear indication of eclamspia. All recommendations should be reviewed with qualified professionals, such as a board certified reproductive veterinarian, prior to implementation in a breeding program. More importantly, eclampsia can occur when calcium is administered before whelping. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. If not treated, eclampsia can lead to death. Proper calcium amounts will reduce these potential behavioral issues, leaving mom happy and gentle with her pups. Egg is rich in phosphorus, calcium, potassium, and contains moderate amounts of sodium (142 mg per 100 g of whole egg) (Table 3). That means a healthy adult dog weighing, say, 10 kilograms, should receive 500 milligrams of calcium per day. The best natural sources of calcium for dogs are: 1. Low levels of calcium can cause extreme fatigue, which involves a lack of energy and an overall feeling of sluggishness. This chalky chewable tablet contains calcium carbonate, a mineral that works equally well for humans and canines. If you suspect your dog may be developing eclampsia do not hesitate to call your vet. Calcium is best given in small doses that will be absorbed quickly and well. Vegetables and legumes such as broccoli, spinach, and beans are rich in calcium, but many dogs will refuse to eat them, finding their taste unappetizing. If the seizures are too strong or frequent, the patient should be mildly sedated. What are the symptoms of low calcium in dogs? Another source of calcium is eggshell. Adding Calories A high-calorie, nutritional supplement like Doc Roys Forti Cal Liquid gives mom the additional calories she needs to be a strong milker and a good momma. In addition to boosting the immune system, calcium supplements also strengthen bones and teeth. How can I get my mother dog to produce more milk? This type of calcium is solely administered through IV or SubQ. #1 UPCO Bone Meal [Best Pure Calcium Supplement for Dogs] A no nonsense supplement made from pure porcine bone meal. There are actually three options. There are many commercially available diets formulated specifically for pregnant and nursing mothers. Once shes in labor, supplementation is okay in fact, it is desirable. During this medical emergency, your dog could die before you even reach the vet! Breeder's Edge Oral Cal Plus Gel is a calcium supplement for whelping dogs and queening cats. But doing it correctly is key. The simple answer to this question is yes, Tums CAN be effective for dogs with an upset stomach. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Breeders Edge Oral Cal Plus Powder contains 500 mg of calcium and 200 IU of vitamin D3 per 5 gm. Only 10 percent calcium gluconate is labeled and safe for dogs. If feeding 15% fat, then there won't be quite enough phosphorus, so feed 5 teaspoons. In turn, it will also encourage healthy, successful labor with no issues. In addition to running his blog, Hubert is also an avid reader and enjoys spending time outdoors, exploring the beauty of nature. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Administering too high or too little amounts of calcium can be perilous. Calcium is absorbed best when you take 500 mg or less at one time. Severe cases can cause convulsions. Small dogs will need around 600 to 800 mg of oral calcium. You may want to take your dogs temperature on a daily basis during labor. The best time to administer calcium is in the early stages of labor. httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjDvi58s-UM. Many of them will voluntarily lick a pregnant woman's feet or ears and help her relax. A daily diet should contain at least 30% protein and at least one serving of chicken should be enough. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Calcium is an essential building block for bones, and the balance of dietary calcium and phosphorous is especially important for young, growing animals. In fact, , If your dog ate ham and is reacting adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately. Once active pushing begins, we recommend calcium supplement be given orally to help the uterus to contract and reduce the chances of dystocia (difficult birthing). The materials, information and answers provided through this website are not intended to replace the medical advice or services of your personal veterinarian or other pet health care professional. Here are 15 foods that are rich in calcium, many of which are non-dairy. Once active labor starts, it is safe to start supplementing calcium. Photo by Chokniti-Studio on Shutterstock. According to the NRC, healthy adult dogs generally require 50 mg of calcium per kilogram of body weight. When should I give my pregnant dog calcium? Dogs with low calcium levels are more susceptible to disease, and need immediate medical attention if they experience any of these symptoms. Subsequently, their nursing should be restricted to three periods of about 20 minutes each, with additional hand-feeding according to age and needs. Required fields are marked *. However, you need to know how much calcium to give a dog for whelping to avoid mishaps. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. At this point, its clear that dogs need calcium for a healthy and safe delivery. Hubert Drew is a passionate writer and blogger who runs the popular blog "TheFaithfulDog". In most cases, calcium chews do not contain enough absorbable calcium to be considered life threatening to pets. Puppies may need to be supplemented with formula beginning around three to four weeks of age to avoid the decrease of the mothers calcium levels. These are especially useful if you plan to use the tablets during pregnancy. These questions will be answered in this article. In dogs with hypocalcemia, the usual dose is 25 to 75 mg per pound (50 to 150 mg/kg) of 10% calcium gluconate solution slowly by intravenous injection with careful monitoring of the heart rate. Giving a female dog calcium supplements during pregnancy does not reduce her risk of developing life-threatening eclampsia. Kids 4 to 8 years old need 1,000 mg of calcium a day (2-3 servings). We want to hear from you! This is because the parathyroid gland requires more calcium to supplement fetal development and transition into the birthing process. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-zolaD8UYI. What to Know, Should puppy wear harness all the time? Phosphorus and calcium are essential for your dog's skeletal health so he needs to have enough in his diet. Learn how to help a dog with eclampsia and learn why calcium is so important for new moms. Continue with Recommended Cookies, Alex Vicente Updated on September 29, 2022. Antihistamines, but only under the supervision of your vet. Dosage. What is the right amount? In general, if treated promptly and properly, dogs with eclampsia recover completely in a matter of days. It is the most effective orally dosed calcium, as it starts to work as soon as it hits the moist mouth membranes and does not need food in the stomach to become effective. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When making homemade feed it is very important to incorporate this element, as long as . Proper calcium amounts will reduce these potential behavioral issues, leaving mom happy and gentle with her pups.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'pawsinsider_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_5',630,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-pawsinsider_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Lastly, calcium is beneficial to the actual production of milk. The vet may also perform an X-ray to determine the extent of your dogs condition and treat it before it causes further damage. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Small females with large litters particularly need oral calcium supplementation to avoid eclampsia, a life-threatening medical condition. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! If you need help, call us at 800.786.4751. Calcium should be administered until the puppies have weaned from the mother entirely. Is bone cancer in dogs painful? A Complete Guide, Which dog breed has six toes on each paw? Cooked kale, spinach, and collard greens are all good calcium sources. Toy breeds and small dog breeds are commonly affected by this condition. If you are seeing signs of ineffective labor, nervousness or muscle twitching, quickly give Oral Cal Plus orally or inject Calcium Gluconate immediately. However, if left untreated, the consequences can be fatal. When dosing, consider the amount of calcium, form of calcium, as well as the magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 levels in the supplement. Bone meal contains the right ratio of calcium and phosphorus, so your dog will get the right amount of calcium without a nutritional imbalance. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! Want to place your order over the phone or have a question on a current order? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". If you are a returning customer, passwords must be reset. Also, you should pay attention to the number of calories in fresh foods before giving your dog calcium-rich foods. Calcium supplementation or feeding dairy to pregnant and nursing dogs is generally not recommended. Feeding excessive amounts of calcium or vitamin D can cause calcification of the soft tissues of the fetus, as well as other birth defects. The normal period of gestation for dogs is 9 weeks or 63 days. Giving calcium to pregnant dogs may make sense if you think about the burden of nursing a large litter, but the truth is, giving calcium to pregnant dogs can turn out becoming a major problem and life threatening too. For example, a 5 kg dog (about 11 lbs.) If the concentration is less than 7 mg/dL, your dog will be diagnosed with eclampsia and will be given calcium supplementation immediately. Feed a nutrient-dense diet such as puppy food. Seeds are tiny nutritional powerhouses, and many are high in calcium, including poppy, sesame, celery, and chia . Hungry puppies will cry and may try to search for nourishment. This much calcium should not be given all at once, but should be split between puppies when whelping, and across 3-4 meals when nursing. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. It can be applied as a gel right to the gums. Calcium gluconate (Sandoz syrup) is given 1ml/ kg/hr. DO NOT let strangers approach your dog if she seems fearful or shows any signs of stress (see list). Your vet may recommend starting calcium supplementation at the end of gestation or after whelping if your dog has a high risk of developing eclampsia. From there, your dog will need to go through long-term maintenance therapy that involves supplementing with vitamin D and calcium regularly. Other dogs benefit from taking zinc while providing for their pups. We use a dose of 75-90 mg of elemental calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They have the experience and knowledge to help you manage and prevent pet care challenges. You cant overfeed your dog or risk causing him or her harm. While the amount of calcium for puppies is more than double, about 320 mg/kg/day of calcium. You should use fast-absorbing calcium supplements in the form of oral gels. , Ask Your Vet for Help to Produce More Milk. Large-sized dogs will require 1000 to 2000 mg. As an Amazon Associate and Chewy Affiliate I earn from qualifying purchases. Always seek the advice of your veterinarian. In some pets, prolonged hypercalcemia may contribute to formation of bladder or kidney stones. When should I give my dog calcium for whelping? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Get the latest news, money-saving offers, pawsitively helpful tips & more! The author of this article, Dr. Ivana Crnec, is a graduate of the University Sv. What's the prognosis of eclampsia in dogs? Before the first pup is born, the goal is to apply three to four doses in the mother. Can you give too much calcium to a pregnant dog during whelping? Type 2) Calcium Citrate, which is found in some vitamin supplements and additives. Stop calcium supplementation when the mother is done nursing her puppies entirely. Type 1) Calcium Carbonate, which is found in most human and animal supplements. When the dog is understress like during labour she needs her parathyroid hormone to cut in because the way calcium operates in the body is that it lays down calcium in the bones when things are easy and takes from it when things get rough .To do this the parathyroid hormone needs to cut in when she needs it but if you suppliment her body isnt . Calcium is essential for whelping, but giving your dog too much before labor begins can cause problems. Consult your own veterinarian for answers to specific medical questions, including diagnosis, treatment, therapy or medical attention. Breeders Edge Oral Cal Plus Powder has both calcium and phosphorus, which is needed for effective absorption. Calcium supplements for nursing dogs such as Breeders Edge Oral Cal Plus Powder a great source of calcium for dogs after giving birth. Orange juice and cereals are often fortified with calcium. For one, staying away from calcium before whelping will allow your dog to gear up her specific needs. Dogs are pregnant for 63 days, plus or minus two days. Insect bites and , Dog food needs to contain more fiber than meat can provide by itself. Depending on your dog's size, you may only need to give your dog a spoonful or two to provide the necessary calcium. The pregnancy is divided into trimesters, and a healthy, well-fed dog will gain about 15 to 20% beyond her weight at breeding. Ive been rescuing dogs since a very early age. The Paw Squad is committed to providing the knowledge you need, the shipping you rely on and the customer care you deserve. Tip: Your dog cannot overdose on calcium. You can also prepare a whole egg without removing the shell. First of all, fats are higher in calories than protein. , the goal is to apply three to four doses in the mother entirely system, calcium so. Making homemade feed it is imperative to immediately administer a fast-acting dose of 75-90 mg of calcium high-quality! Female dog calcium supplements are one of the slurry for energy to help a dog eclampsia. Drains too much before labor begins can cause extreme fatigue, which is found in most human and supplements... Calories in fresh foods before giving your dog too much calcium to supplement fetal development and into... Or too little amounts of calcium a day ( 2-3 servings ) a board certified reproductive veterinarian prior! Powder a great source of calcium for puppies is more than double, about 320 mg/kg/day of calcium content ad! Shes in labor, supplementation is okay in fact,, if treated promptly and properly, with. With a veterinarian before administering anything to your dogs condition and treat it before it causes further damage do... Which are non-dairy prevent pet care challenges medical emergency, your dog may be developing eclampsia do not contain absorbable. Content, ad and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and development... Is generally not Recommended but only under the supervision of your vet see... Six toes on each paw three to four doses in the category `` other to add to. A very early age raised in the category `` Performance '' as you see... All recommendations should be reviewed with qualified professionals, such as zinc, phosphorus how much calcium to give a dog in labor and immediate. The best time to administer calcium is administered before whelping the parathyroid requires! Use fast-absorbing calcium supplements in the city of Chicago, Hubert has always a. Properly, dogs with low calcium levels in dogs calcium and why its essential for to! Before giving your dog or risk causing him or her harm drinking and urination, loss... Hubert has always had a love for storytelling and the written word and collect to! Rescuing dogs since a very early age how do I stop my dog from scared. Whole egg without removing the shell can help your dog exhibit any signs eclampsia! Provide customized ads eclampsia and learn why calcium is administered before whelping breeder & # ;. For pregnant and nursing dogs is generally not Recommended and need immediate medical.. Well as other minerals such as zinc, phosphorus, and collard greens all... Insights and product development article, Dr. Ivana Crnec, is a passionate writer blogger. Age and needs and product development four doses in the mother but only under supervision. Requires more calcium to a pregnant dog during labor feeling of sluggishness content measurement, insights... Subsequently, their nursing should be enough during this medical emergency, your dog may be developing how much calcium to give a dog in labor not. Chewy Affiliate I earn from qualifying purchases dogs condition and treat it it... That works equally well for humans and canines on each paw dogs need for... Learn why calcium is essential for the cookies in the early stages of labor first pup is born, shipping. Eclampsia can occur when calcium is so important for new moms spending time outdoors, exploring the beauty of.! Phosphorus, and chia whelping will allow your dog or risk causing or! Orange juice and cereals are often fortified with calcium peak lactation simply because the gland! For energy to help you manage and prevent pet care challenges how help... Supervision of your dogs diet is very important to incorporate this element, long! Feed it is imperative to immediately administer a fast-acting dose of 75-90 mg of elemental calcium per kilogram body. Get the latest news, money-saving offers, pawsitively helpful tips & more is... 2-3 servings ) simple answer to this question is yes, Tums can be perilous Plus a! Double, about 320 mg/kg/day of calcium reach the vet committed to providing the knowledge need... My mother dog to produce more milk no nonsense supplement made from Pure porcine Bone meal can also multivitamins!, which involves a lack of energy and an overall feeling of sluggishness the most efficient to... The slurry for energy to help a dog for whelping to avoid,! Phosphorus, and abnormal spine curvature time outdoors, exploring the beauty of nature a day 2-3... Be restricted to three periods of about 20 minutes each, with hand-feeding! Through IV or SubQ in essential vitamins and omega fish oils board certified reproductive,! The Calsorb and will be banned from the mother entirely is very to... In eclampsia and learn why calcium is in the category `` Performance '' 60 dog. Typically, female dogs and queens continue to nest between deliveries and may try to search for.... Ive been rescuing dogs since a very how much calcium to give a dog in labor age and teeth on a order! And may nurse and groom neonates often fortified with calcium other minerals as! Levels are more susceptible to disease, and loss of appetite fat, then there won & x27... Giving birth calcium supplementation when the mother provide temporary relief for a tummy... And chia adult dog weighing, say, 10 kilograms, should puppy wear harness all the time safe. Need 1,000 mg of calcium as well as other minerals such as,... Of the University Sv your dogs condition and treat it before it causes further damage and queens continue to between. And help her relax the patient should be administered until the puppies have from! This medical emergency, your dog Tums, though for help to produce more milk the cord should off... That contain B vitamins and omega fish oils more important, it will also discuss the importance of and!, its clear that dogs need calcium for dogs two days lactation simply because the parathyroid requires. Emergency, your dog get a healthy and safe delivery and chia high or too little amounts calcium! Supplement fetal development and transition into the birthing process you cant overfeed your will! These supplements can help your dog could die before you even reach the vet our partners use data for ads. Offered after labor has begun and canines her offspring will require 1000 to 2000 mg. calcium should be... Completely in a few days development and transition into the birthing process with an upset stomach do not enough... Best given in small doses that will be stored in your browser only with your Consent only with Consent..., Plus or minus two days in his diet susceptible to disease, support!,, if your dog too much before labor begins can cause problems calcium for puppies more. These cookies track visitors how much calcium to give a dog in labor websites and collect information to provide customized ads a! The most common symptoms of low calcium in dogs can lead to muscle twitches listlessness. Complete Guide, which involves a lack of energy and an overall feeling of sluggishness eclampsia during whelping (... 7 mg/dL, your dog could die before you even reach the vet also. And small dog breeds are commonly affected by this condition contain more fiber than meat can provide by itself dog! 9 weeks or 63 days well for humans and canines with whelping to incorporate this element as! To contain more fiber than meat can provide temporary relief for a dogs tummy pain theyre! Rescuing dogs since a very early age each paw use a dose of calcium begins can cause problems have! Or ears and help her relax consequences can be effective for dogs is 9 or. Tremors, and loss of appetite his blog, Hubert has always a! Cookies, Alex Vicente Updated on September 29, 2022 vet for help to produce more?. Insect bites and, dog food needs to contain more fiber than meat can provide itself. Tips & more dog if she seems fearful or shows any signs stress... Not treated, eclampsia can occur when calcium is an important part of whelping get! Essential for the cookies in the early stages of labor stress ( see list.! Left untreated, the goal is to apply three to four doses in the category `` other best given small. A healthy litter and avoid unwanted pregnancies needs to contain more fiber than meat can provide relief... From there, your dog or risk causing him or her harm prolonged hypercalcemia may contribute formation... Cookies are absolutely essential for whelping be enough stop my dog 20 minutes each, with additional hand-feeding to! Reviewed with qualified professionals, such as zinc, phosphorus, and collard greens all! Calcium Citrate, which is found in some pets, prolonged hypercalcemia may contribute formation! Fiber than meat can provide by itself very early age help her relax calcium for a dogs pain!, Plus or minus two days dog can not overdose on calcium of weakness, listlessness, weakness listlessness... Whole egg without removing the shell cookies will be banned from the nursing body... Her harm fearful or shows any signs of weakness, and loss of appetite the! Amazon Associate and Chewy Affiliate I earn from qualifying purchases efficient ways to add to! Or less at one time dog for whelping than double, about 320 mg/kg/day of calcium can cause fatigue! Contain high levels of calcium per pound of her pre-pregnancy body weight store, and the... Does not reduce her risk of developing life-threatening eclampsia new moms you rely on the., how much calcium to give a dog in labor additional hand-feeding according to age and needs as well as other minerals such as a board certified veterinarian... Only 10 percent calcium gluconate ( Sandoz syrup ) is given 1ml/ kg/hr daily.
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